Collisions+(by+Ashley+Weekes)

=COLLISIONS =

Collisions are usually the result of irresponsible judgment on the roadways; in some cases this may not be true considering outside factors. Running red lights, driving while intoxicated, and speeding are some of the most common causes of car crashes with in the U.S, these can be avoided simply by not performing the action. Other instances in which a collision may occur many not be as simply avoided. The following information will allow drivers to have the ability to predict oncoming collisions.
 * Brief Description of Driving Safety Hazard **

· In Philadelphia, more than 1.8 million intersection crashes occur each year · A total of 4,054 teenagers ages 13-19 died in motor vehicle crashes in 2008. --Important to know find out what factors contribute to collisions ---There are different types of crashes a.k.a (Fatality Types) that involve out side factors 1. (n.d.). //National highway traffic administration//. Retrieved from [|http://www] [|nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/STSI/USA%20WEB%20REPORT.HTM] 2. (2003-2009). //About Car accidents//. Retrieved from [] 3. (1996-2009). //Fatality facts//. Retrieved from [] 4. (1996-2009). //Fatality facts 2008: teenager//. Retrieved from [] In order to approximate when and where a collision will take place a driver must know the speed at which their car and the other is traveling (velocity), their or the other cars distance starting point (origin), and the direction in which the car is traveling (backwards/forwards or negative/positive). These three concepts will enable drivers to determine where and when a collision will take place between them and the opposing vehicle.
 * Statistics or News Articles Related to this Hazard (yes, the statistics and articles must be real and cited!)**
 * Red-light running crashes account for 20 percent of that total.
 * Philadelphia's red-light runners exceed the national average, causing 13 deaths and 2,856 injuries in 2000.
 * Teenagers accounted for 10 percent of the US population in 2008 and 11 percent of motor vehicle crash deaths.
 * Among passenger vehicle driver’s ages 16-19 involved in fatal crashes in 2008, 49 percent were involved in single-vehicle crashes.
 * Alcohol Impaired
 * Single Vehicle Crashes
 * Speeding Crashes
 * Roll Over Crashes
 * Motorcyclist Crashes
 * Pedestrian Crashes
 * Bicyclist Crashes
 * Sources (APA):**
 * How the Kinematics (principles of motion) Relate to This Hazard **

__ Location: __ @ Intersection of State & Church St. State street is a two-lane one-way street and Church is a path way designated for trains. State St. is perpendicular to Church St. Cars on State St. must be conscious of the train pathway along Church. Heavy Traffic Area (Exclude the fact that there are two cars, make believe there is only one)* A car traveling with a velocity of 15 m/s starting at 300 m on State St. is approaching a train traveling a velocity of 20 m/s. The driver isn’t paying attention to the train because she/he is talking on their cell phone. __ Data __
 * Example Scenario**

// Car // ** Velocity: ** 15 m/s ** Starting point: ** 300 m ** Equation: ** 15t+300 // Train // ** Velocity: ** 20 m/s Both vehicles will collide at 1200m in one minute.
 * Equation: ** 20t



t(s) = 20(60) x(m) = 1200m Both vehicles will collide at 1200m in one minute.

By setting each equation equal to each other I was able to calculate the time it would take them to collide and by plugging the time back into the equation I was able to calculate where they would crash. In order to do these calculations we need the velocity of each care, a sense of time, and position in relation to kinematic principals.
 * How this Hazard Can Be Avoided With a Better Knowledge of Kinematics **

This represents where and when the cars will crash. By keeping in mind the velocity/ average speed of your can and others and paying attention to how much you travel (position/displacement) you’ll be able to simply calculate if a collision will take place once you become familiar the principals of kinematics that relate to your every day life.
 * Conclusion **